Hello,
I think you are using Magento verion 1.
In your case, you can use block type="core/template" or "core/text_list" for "rendering" your template. When using block type ="cms/block " that doesn't use for "rendering" a template phtml. It uses for calling a static block. For example:
<reference name="top.container">
<block type="cms/block" name="cms.top.callout" before="-">
<action method="setBlockId"><block_id>top_callout</block_id></action>
</block>
</reference>
You can take a look into this file: app/code/core/Mage/Cms/Block/Block.php to see more details.
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