I've had some problems with text swatches which I've managed to resolve. Please refer to https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56323032/magento-2-not-showing-text-swatches-values and https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/277343/magento-2-layered-navigation-text-swatches-blank.
I created my site by migrating from a 1.8.1 site and it might be that the root cause of these is the associated attributes aren't properly populated.
I wonder if someone from Magento can check if these are genuine issues and, if so, whether they'll be fixed in a future release.