Adding the block to System > Permissions > Blocks resolved it for me as well.
For example: I have added Block Name:
Finally refreshed the Cache Storage all working fine!
Thank you all for your useful information.
Magento add good feature In 1.9.2.2.
after magento upgrade or install security patches you got error on system > permission
there is variables and blocks they added for restriction,
if you got error here regarding tables missing then dont worry, you can download permission_block and permission_variables tables default structure and data from here.
For more detail follow this article.
Hope it will help full to some one else.
This worked for the cms blocks to be visible now. The weird problem that remains is that the images in the cms block on my home page have been replaced by placeholders. This must be related but I don't see any way to add images to permissions. Any solution to this problem?