It could be either wrong directory permissions or cache issue. In var folder there are:
- cache data
- log files
- session data
- backup data
All of those could be offloaded to the other places (for example if you're using Redis for sessions/cache, or ELK stack for log files). So, you could lose important data, but it's nothing that you cannot live without. I recommend you just to make full backup of your website, if you don't have it.
Session data was the only important thing there, it may happen that your Customers will have to add product to cart again, if they were in the middle of buying process.
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